The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Example

The Organization Structure and Design of a Bakery Essay Bakery organisation is one of the most successful bakeries cross the nations. It has experienced considerably growth from the local market transit to internationally. Additionally, the unreliable external environment, technology implementation, strategy flexibility and also the company size expansion are the four crucial elements that definitely influence the company’s structure formulation. ABC Bakery company mission statement: Value your every life is value ours.It has built on our commitment to provide the possible highest quality of baked goods to the customer, and continuously inspire a culture of trust and satisfaction in the workplace. People is the key of our company both our customers and employees. On the one hand, our first responsibility is to value customers. The company cater to our customer in a quite professional manner by proving a high quality goods and service with a competitive price, simultaneously obtaining and holding their respect and loyalty so that ac hieving sufficient profits for its future growth.On the other hand, we are gaining a deep responsibility to our employees. Our company is continuously seeking to hire the best possible employees and provide opportunity to develop their potentials. In the meanwhile, we are committed to maintain a safe work environment for all those employed. The following specific tasks will further explain how the company attempt to complete the accomplished mission. Firstly of all, a comprehensive research is the primary step for the ABC Bakery Company. The external environment plays a vital role at the first stage.For example, populations of the particular area, people’s preferences of bread taste and the competitor around those areas. The business should be adaptive and innovative among the intense competitors. In addition, production design and custom service is another important task. Environmental friendly structure design which concentrate on investigating ways to reduce plastic conten t and trial more sustainable materials within our bakeries. The following ABC Bakery company chart 1 will illustrate a specific task for each department which is responsible for a certain outcome.At the first stage, there are 5 department of the company. The Accounting department is responsible for the total quality of outputs and inputs and providing the accurate number of gains and loss. The marketing manager is in charge to make sure the company’s advertising and the recent tend of the bakery field. Besides this, HR is taken charge to attract the most talents to work for the company. Additionally, the responsibility of sales and operation department is to providing the possible highest quality services and goods to meet the customers’ needs. After three years operation, our company has been quite successful.As a result, I would like to open up the second bakery shop where is located just a few miles away from the current one. Because of the location advantage, the c ompany is utilising the cost-effective strategy and acquire the economic of scale to reduce the possible cost. It is a quite vertical structure design for efficiency and centralised authority. For instance, the second location is responsible for providing the final goods for customers. The first location is in charge for all the producing process and also responsible for sales. The two companies sharing the equipments to manufacturing the goods that is definitely bring efficiency.However, it still has problems. The company structure design for efficiency is operating well, but this would prevent the company from innovation. It is widely accepted that the external environment is change rapidly and competition of bakery industry is quite strong (Stahi Grigsby, 2007). The customer is seems like to seek more various favours of the bakery products. The performance of the second location is going down after opening for a period of time. The goods quality is still maintain quite well but the company can not meets the changing needs of customers.Moreover, the second locations employees have rarely communication with the other staff of the first shop. When the company undergone a poor performance, the employees form different locations start to complain with each other. As a result, the employees’ performance declines as well. For the sake of satisfy both the customers and employees needs, the company decided to purchase brand new equipment for the second location and change the vertical organisation structure to a more flexible one and more concentrate on learning. Additionally, the employees are at a change routine process.All the staff requite work to different locations depended on the working shift. It would assist employees get along well with each other from different locations. The business has grown to five locations in two cities in five more years. Different locations have influenced the structure formalisation and the external environment uncertaint y would be another changeling for the company. In order to maintain a good control and coordination with the different branch, the company applied a quite flexible management coordination structure but a relatively centralised operational decision making structure.However, the different location across two cities may have quite dissimilar taste of customers. The five branches should preserve a high quality of the goods and service to the customers and in the mean while offering more various or new products due to the local preference. On the other hand, each branch should have its own supply channel to achieve efficiency. Based on the Woodward Classification of System Production theory, the company would apply the small batch and unit policy which focus on customised products (Daft, 2009).Moreover, it applies a flexible manufacturing technology which aligned the structure with technologies. The advanced production equipment might be used to improve the efficiency. The business has e xpanded into five states with seventy-five locations 20 years later. The extent market brings profits but also changelings. Obviously, the totally different culture of the 5 states requires the business must obtain a quite flexible structure to be adapted with the local culture. The different language, people preferences are the main problems for the business. The bigger size equals more complexity.The organisation must do a quite lot of research of the local culture and the competitors around the new environment. On the other hand, maintaining an accurate and frequent feedback of each state performance is another challenge. Due to the long distance of the business location, the communication of each location seems like quite difficult. However, in order to keep in touch with the each business, the company sets up roles that every month each location’s supervisor should provide a detailed report about the company performance to the head office supervisor. In this way, every l ocation is maintaining a touch with the performance.On the other hand, the head office might send people to supervise different locations performance and recall them back to give a report about the sales performance of each location. The customer satisfaction is about everything. The mission of the bakery company is to provide the possible highest quality to satisfy customer’s needs. In order to obtain a quite rapidly feedback from customers, every location should open up a formal customer service department which aims to concentrate on customers’ satisfactions or any positive suggestions and negative feedback for the company further development.In addition, the ABC Bakery implemented a 360 degree feedback information flow among each company. The strategy is focused on a quite flat and open system and every one in the company is equal and should contribute their efforts to improve the company performance. Culture is representing a company’s soul. Although the bu siness is expanded to 5 states but the head office of the ABC bakery culture must remain the same. Each state president must deliver the main office culture value so that solidify the whole organisation’s spirit. Due to the culture different in each state, various products may cater to different locations.But one thing is not change is the company’s culture. Providing the possible highest quality to the customers and in the meanwhile satisfy our employees in the most content. Social responsibility is other significant element to maintain the organisation has a healthy development (Hanson, 2008). Environmental friendly strategy must keep in mind of the company. Our bakery company are striving to establish the most effective way to recycle. Take for an example, our company working with local suppliers, local government and local councils.Moreover, our company are investigating measures to reduce content and trail more sustainable materials within our bakeries. On the oth er hand, our company constantly ensure to reduce excess packing and refine our packaging to be more environmental friendly. To sum up, there is no denying that ABC Bakery is operating quite successfully during these periods. Our mission is to value and satisfy the external customers and internal employees. As the company experienced an expansion to the markets, it has undergone certain challenging and issues. Opportunity is coupled with risks.Additionally, the company alter its structure due to the external environment change and implement the different strategy as a result of its structure change. Efficiency or effectiveness is the primary concern and simultaneously maintain a flexible coordination strategy is another essential element for success between the various business locations. On the other hand, a deep culture understanding plays a crucial role though out the whole organisation management. The strategy implementation should be aim at environmental friendly which would ass ist the company obtain a sustainable development.

Stubby Squid Facts

Stubby Squid Facts The stubby squid, or Rossia pacifica, is a species of bobtail squid native to the Pacific Rim. It is known for its large, complex (googly) eyes and reddish brown to purple coloration, which turns wholly opalescent greenish grey when disturbed. Its small size and striking appearance have led scientists to compare it to a stuffed toy. While they are called squids, in fact, they are closer to cuttlefish. Fast Facts: Stubby Squid Scientific Name: Rossia pacifica pacifica, Rossia pacifica diagensisCommon Names: Stubby squid, Pacific bob-tailed squid, North Pacific bobtail squidBasic Animal Group: Invertebrate  Ã‚  Size: Body length about 2 inches (males) to 4 inches (females)Weight: Less than 7 ouncesLifespan: 18 months to 2 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Polar and deepwater habitats along the Pacific RimPopulation: Unknown  Conservation Status: Data deficient Description   Stubby squids are cephalopods, members of the Sepiolidae family, the subfamily Rossinae, and the genus Rossia. Rossia pacifica is divided into two subspecies: Rossia pacifica pacifica and Rossia pacifica diegensis. Diegensis is found only in the eastern Pacific coast off Santa Catalina Island. It is smaller and more delicate, has larger fins, and lives at greater depths (nearly 4,000 feet) than the rest of the R. pacifica species. Stubby squids look like a combination of octopus and squid- but they are actually neither, being more closely related to cuttlefish.   Stubby squids have a smooth, soft body (mantle) that is short and round with a separate head marked by two large complex eyes. Radiating out from the body are eight suckered arms and two long tentacles which retract and extend as needed to grasp dinner or each other. The tentacles end in clubs which also have suckers. The mantle (body) of the females measure up to 4.5 inches, about twice that of the male (about 2 inches). Each of the arms has two to four rows of suckers which differ slightly in size. The male has one arm with a hectocotylized sucker at the dorsal end to allow him to fertilize the female. Stubby squids have two ear-shaped fins and a slender, delicate internal shell (pen). They produce a great deal of mucus and are sometimes found wearing a Jello jacket of mucus to protect themselves from polluted waters. A man holds a stubby squid which begins to secrete a mucous as a defensive behavior. West Seattle, Washington. Stuart Westmorland / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Range Rossia pacifica is native to the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean from Japan to southern California, including the polar reaches of the Bering Strait. They spend the winters on sandy slopes in moderately shallow water, and the summers in deeper water where they breed.   They prefer sandy to mud-sand bottoms and are found in coastal waters, where they spend most of the day resting at depths of 50–1,200 feet (rarely 1,600 feet) below the surface. When they hunt at night they can be found swimming at or near the coastlines. Preferring to live in shrimp beds near their main prey, they dig themselves into the sand during the day so that only their eyes are visible. When disturbed they turn an opalescent greenish-gray color and squirt out a blob of black ink- octopus and squid ink is usually brown- that has the shape of a squid body.   Disturbed stubby squid swimming. Scott Stevenson / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring   Spawning takes place in deep water during the late summer and fall. Male stubby squids impregnate females by grasping them with their tentacles and inserting the hectocotylus-armed arm into the females mantle cavity where he deposits the spermatophores. After accomplishing fertilization, the male dies.   The female lays between 120–150 eggs in batches of about 50 eggs (each under two-tenths of an inch); the batches separated by about three weeks. Each egg is embedded in a large creamy white and durable capsule measuring between 0.3–0.5 inches. The mother attaches the capsules singly or in small groups to seaweeds, clam shells, sponge masses or other objects in the bottom. Then she dies.   After 4–9 months, the young hatch out of the capsules as miniature adults and soon begin to feed on small crustaceans. The lifespan of a stubby squid is between 18 months to two years. Conservation Status   Studies on the stubby squid are difficult, since the creature spends much of its life in deep water, especially compared to its shallow-water Atlantic Ocean cousin Sepioloa atlantica. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the stubby squid as data deficient.   The stubby squid appears to survive quite well in polluted urban bays, even those with highly polluted bottom sediments, such as the inner harbors of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. It is often trawled in large quantities off the Sanriku-Hokkaido coasts of Japan and other subarctic Pacific regions, but its meat is considered inferior tasting to other cephalopods and so has low economic value.   Sources Anderson, Roland C. , Stubby squid. The Cephalopod Page.  Rossia pacificaDyer, Anna, Helmstetler, Hans, and Dave Cowles. (Berry, 1911). Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Walla Walla University, 2005Rossia pacificaGoogly-eyed Stubby Squid. Nautilus Live. YouTube video (2:27).  Jereb, P., and C.F.E. Roper, eds. Rossia pacifica pacifica Berry, 1911. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. 185–186.Laptikhovsky, V. V., et al. Reproductive Strategies in Female Polar and Deep-Sea Bobtail Squid Genera Rossia and Neorossia (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Polar Biology 31.12 (2008): 1499-507. Print.Montes, Alejandra. Rossia pacifica. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, 2014.  Rossia pacifica Berry, 1911. Encyclopedia of Life. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay Women, the driving factor in prohibition, believed that prohibition would make alcohol’s presence in society go away this would resolve the majority of societal issues.. The prohibition movement only made the alcohol problem worse by increasing the percentage of alcohol in one drink, due to the new group of people it created. This group was coined with the name moonshiners or bootleggers, and these people were in the very profitable business of producing alcohol illegally. Not only did they make alcohol illegally, but the alcohol that they did make was a lot more potent than the alcohol that was sold prior to prohibition. They could not transport beer, or even wine very easily because of the sheer volume that it would take to intoxicate a person. Moonshiners had to resort to something that would be more profitable and easier to transport. â€Å"Well, one of the things that happen when you outlaw any product is that the product returns underground. Correct? But it returns und erground in a more concentrated form. And the problem with beer is it’s very difficult to hide. So, in most parts of the United States, beer actually was not available during Prohibition. Instead, you had to substitute bathtub gin.†(See Appendix 3) Alcohol sold before 1920 was usually low proof, but when moonshine came about it was up to 190 proof , or 95% alcohol. The picture â€Å"Still Diagram† shows a diagram of how moonshiners built their valuable stills that could produce very high proof alcohol. (See Appendix 1) This was something that women did not think about. They just believed that they alcohol would go away, not be transferred into a different more potent form. People would get a lot drunker a lot faster only making worse the problem that women saw before. This alone made prohibition a complete failure. Seeing that moonshine was illegal, this turned many citizens, who used to be good law abiding citizens, into criminals. These citizens were people who held respectable jobs, and were very capable members of society, and not just people who were the stereotypical criminals. With more people breaking laws, and a new underground business, this led to the ever rising crime rate, leaving the police outnumbered. â€Å"The most successful gangs became ever larger and more organized. With the money made from liquor they were able to branch out into a variety of other criminal enterprises, and eventually they used the money to take over legitimate business. The structure of what we now call organized crime was born during prohibition.† (Cohen 49) It was very hard for authorities to keep up with something so new that they had never had to combat before. What started out as a good idea was falling apart day by day. â€Å"The demand for alcohol was outweighing (and out-winning) the demand for sobriety.† (National Archives) This became such a profitable business that in most cases the ends would justify the means. After all, thi s was a tax free business, and the money that was coming into bootleggers from selling their moonshine was more that most of them have seen in their entire life. Women did not approve of this at all. This was not what they had intended when they posed the idea of prohibition. Creating more problems in a society that they had already deemed as corrupt was the last thing they want to do, but they did not realize their ideology was just fueling the issues they felt that were already bad enough in their society.

Subscription Television Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Subscription Television - Research Paper Example Other technological devices, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, TV and modern tablets are also becoming key direct competitors (Nikolinakos 67). The second level of competitors includes product category competitors which prove to be more specific. These include basic cable, on demand internet television, satellite television, which comprises of either a dish or a direct TV and finally, video on demand such as VUDU (Cohen 78). The third category of the key competitors comprises of generic competitors such as movies, theatres, online gaming, online plays, videos and concerts. The direct competitors offer clients subscriptions to a desirable number of television channels and unlimited content such as movies. This is the case with streaming video subscriptions. Theses streaming subscriptions have proven to be primary competitors to subscription television considering they offer their clients a diverse range of content which is not limited to television shows. This is likely to make them a preference over subscription television. This has been the case in the recent past as streaming video subscriptions have registered a remarkable percentage of sales. Evidently, the likes of Netflix and Hulu have proved to be primary competitors to subscription television because of the package they offer to clients. In the case of specific competitors, the potential of basic cable television and satellite television, which do not pose subscriptions to the users, offer a measurable level of competition (Grimme 64). These are highly accessible through antennae and may prove to be a preferable choice for some users depending on their television needs. With the increasing access to the internet, a remarkable percentage of the population prefers to watch their favourable television channels online as long as they have an internet connection. With the cheap packages of internet connection, these

Response and Opinion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response and Opinion Paper - Essay Example Apology, the dialogue reveals the tension that persisted between citizens in society, who discovered the tyrannical government and its regressive tendencies. Religion was employed to pacify the masses to follow particular norms and traditions that defined morality, but Socrates in his defense criticizes its exploitation and misuse of authority. For instance, he mocks the jury when he requests free meals for the rest of his life to be his sentence, but is later sentenced to death. Socrates dislike and disregard for the political system is extended in his third dialogue Crito where he decides to remain after the jury sentences him to death when found guilty. Even though, his second text Apology neglects his accusers, the system almost reigns supreme when he complies with the unjust laws of Athens and waits for his execution. I believe Socrates did not loathe interplay between religion and politics, but despised the manner rulers wielded power and influence over the masses. Finally, his last dialogue, Meno takes a sudden twist when though Socrates appeared to have lost the battle of justice, his dislike for the political system is seen when he decided to self-administer his death. He remained unconvinced by the jury’s verdict and considered his fate not in their hands. The dialogue is full of debate between Immortality and soul and subtly implies the inevitability of the continued existence of the soul. It is apparent battles characterize the history of philosophy, especially between camps debating major issues about human existence. One major debate is the source of knowledge and this argument pits rationalists against empiricists. Even though, rationalists claim the starting point of human knowledge is reasoning, I believe the beginning of human knowledge is sense experience (Carrutheras 123). It is the human senses that provide us with the original data concerning events in the world. Without the raw data obtained through sense experience, then knowledge

A divided America on the topic of abortion Essay Example for Free

A divided America on the topic of abortion Essay Abortion In modern history, there have been few subjects of political and social interest as divisive as that of abortion. Ideologically, many traditional religions such as Christianity have stipulated that abortion itself is an unethical practice and one that is morally wrong. Many Christians assert that there is some divinely unethical nature of the mishandling of the fetus itself. Most arguments of this kind essentially pertain to the status of the fetus as a person, one that has the right to the same advantages and privileges as its human mother. As such, abortion has come to dominate many discussions and people have found platforms to argue for or against the acceptance of abortion as a norm in our society. Much of the opposition surrounding the ethics of abortion pertains to religious belief, and many ascribe to the notion that abortion contradicts divine command theory. As such, there are many factors to consider in interpreting abortion from a theological standpoint, as well as in addressing the positives and negatives associated with the act itself. When the United States first began establishing itself as its own country, many of the states simply transferred English laws to their own and used these as a sort of template for how to conduct their own affairs. Abortion was handled much the same in this way, and the structure for how many states began to approach abortion came from how they chose to handle it within this framework. Many states essentially stated that it was not allowed or permitted after around the 15-20 week period immediately following conception. Anti-abortion laws and statutes officially began to manifest themselves in the United States around the 1820s, and these laws expanded upon previous laws to help supplant the notion that abortion was unethical. In the year 1821, one of the first prominent anti-abortion laws came forth from Connecticut, which outlawed medicines that were given to women to help further abortions. In 1829, New York made abortions that Despite the advances that were occurring in medical science and the developments in these fields, many people in the United States still considered it an unethical dilemma to condone the acts that were associated with abortion, or to facilitate them. As medical sciences grew in support of the belief that fetuses didnt exhibit the same traits or characteristics as fully-born children, many theological centers and individuals began imposing their own opinions of the matter, to stand in stark contradiction to these claims. Scientists in this era concluded that conception was merely an inauguration point for the development of a fetus and that it was a continuous process of development until the child fully possessed all of its human-like traits and characteristics. Criminalization of abortion became a huge trend in the late 1860s, as various doctors and legislators began doubling down on the act and making it illegal. By the year 1900, abortion had become a felony in essentially every s tate in the country. Yet, some states had included clauses or provisions which were meant to ensure that abortions could be conducted in a limited nature, when issues such as the health of the mother became a factor, or if the pregnancy was the direct result of incest or rape. In 1973, the Supreme Court was a group the case of Roe v. Wade, one that would transform the history of abortions in the country and provide a catalyst for a more in-depth examination of the ethical nature of abortions themselves. In this particular case, the Supreme Court came to rule that a statute in Texas which forbade abortion, except when it was necessary to ensure the safety of the mother, was unconstitutional. This decision sparked a tremendous amount of backlash and controversy and has provided a plethora of individuals and groups with a reason to once again oppose the act. Many of these groups and entities have debated on the ethical nature of abortion, and have used the divine command theory to support their claims. The divine command theory is a theological approach to understanding and interpreting the grounds of morality, as well as establishing what is moral and what is not. Unlike the ethics of natural law, the divine command theory is used to establish a clear and present moral direction, and to help supplant a sense of duty and ethical foundation. The theory is developed on the notion that God is the creator of the world, and that the laws which govern morality and ethics are extensions of the commands that God asserts. Furthermore, the argument among many theological representatives is that God would be against the nature of abortion, as it stands contrary to the Commandments that God gave humans. A direct and implicit interpretation of the morality of abortion may be surmised from the scripture in Exodus 21:22-24, in which the scripture itself discusses a woman who has a miscarriage as a result of two men who are fighting in the passage. (The Bible, Exodus 21:22-24) The scripture does n ot directly state that she had an abortion at that moment, but it does provide an inference into the miscarriage and states that it was immoral due to the fact a life was lost in this time. As such, it has become a principle Christian belief that a life of a fetus is equivalent to that of an adult human, in terms of the value that God places upon it. In the passage 44:2, it is stated that â€Å"thus says the Lord who made you and formed you from the womb, who will help you. Do not fear, O Jacob My servant, and you Jeshurun whom I have chosen.† (The Bible, Isaiah 44:2) In this bit of scripture, God consults with Jacob and tells him that he should not have any fear because God provided him with life directly from the womb of his mother, which would imply that God has established some level of plan or purpose for Jacob even when he was a fetus. It is this basis that many have used to establish their interpretation of divine command theory. This notion supports the centralized argument that it is humanitys responsibility to provide the most maximum safety for that of all human life, which these theorists argue starts in the womb and immediately after conception. The moral ramifications of abortion, as this theory postulates, is that God will not condone actions which facilitate the likelihood of abortion or the helping of abor tion in any way. While it can be said that the religious groups believe that the life of a fetus is sacred, many people outside of these mentalities believe that there is an inherent right in the mother to control what she does with her own body, and how she goes about doing it. Many of these individuals argue that their belief systems do not correlate directly with this mentality and that it is unethical in itself to subject a woman to the harsh realities of being a mother if it was never her intention to become a mother in the first place. As such, it is worth understanding abortion itself and what it can entail, to better interpret the ethical nature of the act and which side presents a more sound argument. Abortion can be a tremendously devastating act, psychologically. A study that was amassed from approximately 56,000 public records in California concluded that women who had abortions were 160 percent more likely to be sent to the hospital for psychiatric care, as opposed to women who had chosen to see the pregnancy through and deliver the child. (Barlett, 2004, 729) Furthermore, it was noted that the rates of treatment for psychiatric issues were higher by a large margin for upwards of four years, in women who had abortions. Further studies indicate that many women experience psychological issues as early as eight weeks after they have an abortion. These studies have found that approximately 44 percent of women have some level of nervous disorder and that 36 percent note that they have some level of disturbance in their sleep patterns and in their overall regular sleep cycles. (Barlett, 2004, 731) Over 30 percent of these women also note that they openly regret the decision that the y made, and approximately 11 percent of people are prescribed some type of medication to help them cope with the stresses associated with their decision. (Barlett, 2004, 731)   Women who have abortions are more prone to visit psychiatrists than those who have delivered children to full term. Researchers have concluded that there is only one real positive emotion that is correlated with abortions, being that of relief. Yet, this can quickly be supplanted by feelings of numbness or a sense of emotional paralysis. It is often the case that women who have abortions are left with a general inability to express their emotions after the procedure, correlating whatever feelings they have to just a general appreciation for having been able to survive the procedure, with little more being reported. This can lead to a more stable, concurrent level of negative reactions which can continue to manifest themselves throughout the next several months following an abortion-related procedure. Significant studies have concluded that approximately 50 percent of women question their decisions after the procedure, and over 55 percent express some sort of guilt within the 8 weeks that follow the abortion. (Barlett, 2004, 735) Furthermore, approximately forty percent of women who abort report to having sexual complications or dysfunctions, which can last for a short or long period of time in most cases. These can include increased pain or a loss of pleasure from the acts of sex and an aversion to the genitals of their partners, or to males in general. Psychological issues arent the only ones that can manifest themselves after an abortion. Approximately one hundred complications have been associated with the induction of abortion, and all of these have the capacity to affect the women undergoing these processes. Statistics on abortion state that 10 percent of women who are undergoing some type of abortion-related procedure have some type of immediate physical or mental issue that occurs during or after the process and 20 percent of these can be seen as major factors and health-related issues. (Barlett, 2004, 737) Among many of the complications that can physically happen are infections, fevers, abdominal pain, bleeding, vomiting and intestinal disturbances. The most commonly identified major issues that can happen are serious infections, embolism, convulsions, cervical injury, hemorrhaging, perforation of the uterus, bleeding, and shock during the process. A study which cataloged the effects of 1,180 abortions concluded that over 2 7 percent of the patients had some type of infection that lasted more than 3 days after the process. (Barlett, 2004, 741) While it can be said that many of these issues can be immediately treated, a large percentage of them can lead to long-term, more serious results and damages to the reproductive system and other attributes of the womans body and health. 3 to 5 percent of women who have aborted are accidentally left sterile as a result of the effects of the process, and this is even greater when venereal diseases are introduced into the equation. (Barlett, 2004, 740) Despite these factors, there are many potential ethical positives to abortions. Regardless of the health risks associated with abortion, it should ultimately be left to the woman to decide what she will do with her own body. Many experts argue that pregnancies should not be enforced upon the acts of sex. In 2008, a study concluded that 41 percent of all pregnancies that happened in the United States were not planned, or indirectly accidental in some way. (Finn, Moore, 2008, 112) When one considers the size of the population in the United States, there are over 85 million women who identify with this claim. The number of reasons that a woman should be able to cancel a pregnancy should not be so limited, and this affects a large percentage of the population in the United States. Delineating these decisions and the freedom for a woman to have her own say over her body does not pose a significant level of intrinsic value in the life of the woman. Furthermore, the issue becomes more complex when one looks at the availability of contraception. It is often the case that many women who have sex and their partners are not able to readily find contraception, nor do they have the means to ascertain it themselves. Since 1980, there has been a 61 percent decrease in the funds that are available through the Title X program, which helps to provide affordable services to people to help them dictate their family planning. (Finn, Moore, 2008, 110)   Many socially-charged issues and the dissemination of anti-abortion materials have catalyzed a scenario in which women do not have the proper access to the resources that they often need to ensure that they do not get pregnant. When this is considered, enforcing abortions does not have much of an ethical foundation in itself, supplanting the notion that womens bodies and their decisions are not valid or hold the same level of importance as the livelihood of fetuses. Abortion is a tremendously important social issue, and one that has manifested itself in many different ways throughout the course of modern American history. Many opponents of abortion believe that the act is against Gods will, and that God has ordained the value of a fetus existence as comparable to the lives of humans. This coincides with the principles of divine command theory according to many of these individuals, and their belief system is built around the notion that abortion is a fundamentally unethical issue to God. Many ideologies have used this as a principle justification for their unwillingness to understand or accept abortion, which has led to a significant level of controversy in the United States between the groups of people who oppose it and those who support it. As a result, the United States has had a turbulent history with the subject of abortion, which has led to much debate in terms of a womans right to her own livelihood and body. While it can be said that abo rtion can be a potentially harmful action in terms of the effects it can have psychologically and physically, a woman should still be given the freedom to choose how she goes about her own body, and what she chooses to do with it. Socially, it is the responsibility of a nation such as the United States to provide the most adequate resources that it can to help facilitate these processes and the decisions that women make. References Bartlett, LA. Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   States.Obstet Gynecol.Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 729-745. Finer, Lawrence B.;   Moore, Ann M.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reasons U.S. Women Have Abortions: Quantitative and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Qualitative Perspectives Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008. pp..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   110–128. The Bible: Contemporary English Version, 2000. London: Harper Collins. Weingarten, Karen. Abortion in the American Imagination: Before Life and Choice, 1880-1940,   Ã‚  Ã‚   2000.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. p. 176.

Word-Processing Software Essay -- Pedagogy Technology Writing Writers

Word-Processing Software Technology allows our communities to move and think faster. Reflective of our society, the Internet and related software have excelled the speed of writing too. True, the written word is at the top of its popularity thus far in history, as the latest technologies still require words. In the twenty-first century, people on average write more than ever before. Reading Web sites, writing emails, and surfing the Web are all technological customs found in everyday life for those with computer access. The last twenty years have revolutionized writing practices and to tell you the truth, I’d label the keyboard as my writing utensil of choice. However, advancing technologies offer problematic implications on literacy. With the speed of our culture and the capabilities of word-processing software, students might lose a basic comprehension in regards to writing. Proper punctuation, capitalization, spelling and grammar appear unimportant in informal text practices. A student could argue why he or she should learn proper grammar and spelling if a software product can do the job for them. Perhaps, we should step back to examine the effects of word-processing software on writing while a student is in the developmental phase. In addition, highlighting the inadequacies of word-processing software will illustrate why high-school teachers should integrate a balanced learning atmosphere. A generation overly dependent on specialized grammar, style and spelling software features could spell trouble. Corporate Involvement/Word-Processing Software: Marketing campaigns are prominent within academic settings. Deron Boyles' American Education and Corporations focuses on these rel... ...ricae.net/eric/ED468243.htm> LaRocgue, Paula. â€Å"Does Your Computer Really Know Grammar?† The Quill v. 87 no 4 (June 1999): 52 Long, Bridget Terry. "American Education and Corporations (Book Review)." Teachers College Record v. 104 no 5 (August 2002): 996-998 Procter, Margaret. â€Å"Software to Support Writing Instruction." Essay posted on University of Toronto Web site. 3 June 2003. <http://www.utoronto.ca/writing.softwre.html> Sloane, Sarah J. "The Haunting Story of J." Passions, Pedagogies, and 21st Century Technologies (1999): 49-65 Sturm, Janet M.; Rankin, Joan L.; Beukelman, David R. â€Å"How to Select Appropriate Software for Computer-Assisted Writing.† Intervention in School and Clinic v. 32 (Jan. 1997): 148-61 Waslow, Omar. â€Å"Word Processing Skills are Not Writing Skills.† Issues in Higher Education v. 15 no13 (20 August 1998): 100

Changes in the Land

Changes in the Land Native Americans were some of the first people to live and settle in America, and lived much differently than Europeans. Cabeza de Vaca and William Cronon explain their experiences with Native Americans in Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of American and Changes in the Land respectively. Their lifestyle was very new and unfamiliar to both de Vaca and Cronon when they arrived in America. Cabeza de Vaca arrived in Southwest America in the sixteenth-century while William Cronon arrived in the New England area of America in the twentieth-century.Even though both of them lived in different time periods and were in different parts of America, there are several similarities and a few differences when they observed and encountered Native Americans. The Native Americans were nomadic people and traveled frequently according to the seasons and availability of food. In Changes in the Land, Cronon explains that the Native Americans only owned belongings that were essential because they moved around depending on where the food was most abundant (Cronon 54).During the seasonal migrations, a family might carry: clothing, baskets, fishing equipment, a few tools, corn, beans, and smoked meat (Cronon 54). Cabeza de Vaca explains that the Capoques and Han lived by the ocean in small huts. These huts are made of mats and their floors consisted of oyster shells, and they sleep on these shells in animal skins (de Vaca 62). The Han Indians often traveled to the shore to eat oysters during the Winter and would return to the mainland in the Spring. The Native Americans in both accounts are nomadic people and move around depending on the season.The Indians moved around a lot because of the availability of food depending on the time of year and would often starve or find other ways to adapt. During the twentieth-century, Cronon explains that the Native Americans would go fishing in the Spring then move back to the coast to hunt and pick berries in th e Summer. During the Winter, the women would farm while the men would hunt (Cronon 94). The southern Indians had a lot of agricultural produce and would trade with the northern Indians (Cronon 94). During theWinter, though, the northern Indians would starve because food was very scarce, which was very difficult for the Europeans to understand. The Indians living in the sixteenth-century would eat nothing but oysters and drink very bad water for three months (de Vaca 62). The Indians live on the island during the Winter, where they survive off of roots which the women gather from under water in November and December (de Vaca 61). In both accounts, the Indians moved depending on the season and what food was available to them, but ate different foods because of their locations.One difference between the Native Americans in Changes in the Land and Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America is their manipulation of the land. The twentieth-century Native Americans were very big on agriculture and growing their own produce (Cronon 54), while the sixteenth-century Native Americans hunted more and ate more shellfish (de Vaca 43). These differences are due to their geographical location, what is more easily accessible, and the weather conditions of the area.Since they lived closer to the ocean, it was much easier to collect shellfish and gather berries than grow their own produce since the weather was not fit for agriculture. The Indians described by Cronon made more changes to the land than the Indians described by de Vaca. Overall, the Native Americans living during the sixteenth-century and the twentieth-century had very similar lifestyles and had the same motives for traveling often. The Native Americans in both accounts were nomadic and would move according to the time of year; because of this, they only owned things that were essential to living and did not own anything excessive.The Native Americans both hunted and gathered food to survive, bu t it was different types of food because of their geographical location and what was more readily available to them. Since this is the case, their manipulation of the land was different—the later Native Americans grew more agriculture, while the earlier Native Americans hunted and gathered more of their food. There are a few differences between the Native Americans described by Cronon and de Vaca, but they are more similar to each other.

Benefits of health promotion Essay

A Healthy lifestyle is promoted by being educated in prevention methods and strategies. How is health promotion define and what is its purpose? The nursing roles, responsibilities and implementation methods for health promotion will be addressed, finally, a comparison of the health promotion levels. Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. (World health organization, n. d) Health promotion helps prevent diseases, premature death and disability. It is voluntary which result in positive behavior changes and an increase in knowledge. The purpose of health promotion is to influence the healthy behavior of humans while taking a look at the living conditions and the working environment. Acknowledging how it influences and is incorporated in to the health promotion model in all communities. Nursing roles are evolving in health promotion by including clinical nursing practices, consultations, follow-up treatment, patient education and illness prevention. Nursing assume community-based care using evidence-based practice. Understanding the nursing role will help the outcome in promoting health promotion resulting in an increase of patient knowledge, self-management and the quality of life. Furthermore, nurses are often in contact with family members, caregivers, and the community. They should assume the role as a healthcare promoter. The responsibilities include, being proactive, multi-disciplinary in nursing and to view themselves as movers for a change. Understanding includes adapting to trends, society changes and how this affects health promotion. Nurses have an advantage to develop a promotion strategy to increase change in healthy behavior. In addition, acquiring skills in emergency care, counseling, advocacy, public, family and community needs are helpful in the individual assessment of health promotion of each person. The implementation methods for health promotion that encompasses all areas of nursing are clarifying roles and responsibility, collecting information which should be done at a different level in the hospital and interpreting results from summarizing data from patient response to healthcare given and performance scores. Developing a quality improvement plan that is continuously monitor with re-analysis on a regular basis is highly recommended. Understanding the nature of health promotion is embracing the challenges and opportunity to healthcare professional to influence healthcare promotion. Doing so, let’s compare the three levels of health promotion: first level of health promotion is primary prevention which includes activities to help avoid a given healthcare problem. In the article â€Å"Effectiveness of a community based health promotion program targeting people with hypertension and high cholesterol†, it addressed patient knowledge and understanding hypertension and high cholesterol complications from their self-care behaviors, in which an effort to change was made. Having the knowledge about hypertension doesn’t always result in behavioral change but may result in a problem such as a lack of response, an increase in disability and a decrease in life expectancy. If the participants had self-efficacy and was able to manage chronic diseases, there would be an influence of self-care behavior which can be incorporated into the health promotion efforts. In this study primary prevention help improve the participants overall view and behavior towards hypertension and high cholesterol. The second level of health promotion which is identified and treat non symptomatic individuals who have already developed risk factors or pre-clinical diseases but the condition is present. In the article â€Å"Health coaching to improve Hypertension treatment in a low-income, minority population†, Participations received a community based health promotion program in which the goal of the program is to provide information on hypertension and high cholesterol and educated on problem solving and skills to improve self-efficacy. Multiple strategies to promote the development and self-efficacy information were given on DVDs about hypertension and high cholesterol. Self-care booklets, group support (counseling and exercising) and telephone follow-up were also included. The results after a six months study showed an increase in patient motivation and health behavior. There was a decrease in HDL level and blood pressure. Patients found it much easier to deal with hypertension and cholesterol by using the self-care skills. Because of the community based program there was an increase in confidence in each patient that participated an identifying the secondary prevention behavioral interventions were successful in this community study. The tertiary level of heal promotion involves care of the current diseases and restoring to the highest function while minimizing the negative effects of the present disease as well to prevent complications. In the article â€Å"Rehabilitation for patients after stroke in a tertiary hospital: Is it early and intensive enough? †, addresses stroke survivors who receive early and intensive rehabilitation within the first 24 hours result in walking as early of 3. 5 days verses 7. 5 days. Stoke survivors are discharged home too early before gaining any independence in mobility lowers the rehabilitation success. Providing early motor recovery helps with the patients and family satisfactory and emotional support. Not to mention there were a lower risk of in-hospital deaths. There were also shorter hospital stays and greater short and long term functional gains. The tertiary level of promotion in the article is restoring the stroke survivor to its previous state before the stroke as well preventing any future complications. In conclusion, health promotion in nursing is prevention. Improving the strategies to improving health promotion should be a very important issue to the current health reform environment. So when we look at what is needed, let’s look at the framework of health promotion defining it as addressing the healthy behaviors in every community and nationally. The healthcare professionals are responsible to educate, advocate, prevent and promote. Under the umbrella of health promotion the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention will ensure healthy conditions if use in every nursing role and responsibility. This health promotion should run parallel with our interactions within the care and encounters of patients, family members and the community. Health promotion is like a cure, which depends on the strength of healthcare professional to accept this global responsibility.

Free Essays on A Prescription for Entrepreneurial Management

Peter Drucker (1985) states in his article, A Prescription for entrepreneurial management†, â€Å" Leadership does not necessarily mean bigger; it means being accepted as the leader, recognized as the standard setter. Above all, it means having the freedom to lead rather than being obliged to follow† (p.36). In looking at these definitions it can be seen that there are many different types of leadership. Several examples might be transformational, charismatic, and entrepreneurial leadership. Entrepreneurial leadership is vital to an individual and to a corporation’s success. Entrepreneurial firms are a major source of innovation and change. They create jobs, new tax revenues, and other transfers of money. At a time when U.S. productivity growth is lagging behind other countries, and when our large corporations are laying off workers and focusing on core businesses, entrepreneurial firms assume a more significant role; They do what large companies are not doing (Mi ner, 1997, p.54). Definitions of Entrepreneurial Leadership Stevenson, Roberts, Miles Miller risk-taking, or willingness to pursue opportunities having a reasonable chance of costly failure; and proactiveness, or an emphasis on persistence and creativity in overcoming obstacles until the innovativ... Free Essays on A Prescription for Entrepreneurial Management Free Essays on A Prescription for Entrepreneurial Management Peter Drucker (1985) states in his article, A Prescription for entrepreneurial management†, â€Å" Leadership does not necessarily mean bigger; it means being accepted as the leader, recognized as the standard setter. Above all, it means having the freedom to lead rather than being obliged to follow† (p.36). In looking at these definitions it can be seen that there are many different types of leadership. Several examples might be transformational, charismatic, and entrepreneurial leadership. Entrepreneurial leadership is vital to an individual and to a corporation’s success. Entrepreneurial firms are a major source of innovation and change. They create jobs, new tax revenues, and other transfers of money. At a time when U.S. productivity growth is lagging behind other countries, and when our large corporations are laying off workers and focusing on core businesses, entrepreneurial firms assume a more significant role; They do what large companies are not doing (Mi ner, 1997, p.54). Definitions of Entrepreneurial Leadership Stevenson, Roberts, Miles Miller risk-taking, or willingness to pursue opportunities having a reasonable chance of costly failure; and proactiveness, or an emphasis on persistence and creativity in overcoming obstacles until the innovativ...

International banking and financial markets coursework Essay

International banking and financial markets coursework - Essay Example This exposes a gold mining company to commodity price risk. Another example is such, a U.S. equipment manufacturer can contract to supply machinery to a foreign buyer in its local currency if the dollar strengthens against the local currency before the buyer makes payment, and the U.S. manufacturer loses. This exposes the U.S. manufacturer to foreign currency risk. As still another example, a real estate financier can offer a fixed-rate mortgage in a profitable manner. This exposes the real estate financier to interest rate risk. To lessen these markets risks, companies enter into hedging transactions, or hedges for short. Hedges are contracts that seek to insulate companies from market risks. A hedge is similar in concept to an insurance policy, where the company enters into a contract that ensures a certain payoff regardless of market forces. A hedge is possible because different parties are affected in different ways by market risks. For example while a gold mining company is concerned with a drop in gold prices, a jewelry maker are potentially interested in a contract to sell (buy) gold at a future date for a fixed price. This is called a forward contract, and often is transacted in a commodities market. Financial instruments such as futures, options, and swaps are commonly used as hedges. These financial instruments are called derivative financial instruments, or simply derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from the value of another asset, class of assets, or economic variable such as a stock, bond, commodity price, interest rate, or currency exchange rate. However, a derivative contracted as a hedge can expose companies to considerable risk. This is either because it is difficult to find a derivative that entirely hedges the risk exposure or because the parties to the derivative contract fail to understand the potential risks from the instrument. Companies also use

Quiz on Philosophy and Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quiz on Philosophy and Psychology - Assignment Example 2. Ancient Greek society witnessed the emergence of two of the most prominent thinkers the world has known today, namely, Plato and Aristotle. They each have contributed a great deal to philosophy and political science and have formed the basis for most of the subjects in the field of social science that people have tried to understand and take forward. Plato mainly wrote Socratic dialogues that have been used to understand his views on the mind, self and society. According to him, it is important for a man to have a stable thought process. He laid down theories like the Allegory of the Cave in order to depict the kind of limited knowledge that a man might have about the world around him and talked about society on the same lines. Aristotle on the other hand has been regarded as the father of political science and he said that society is made of people who need to live with accordance to the state that has been created by man as well. According to him, the mind is a tumultuous region within every man’s mind and should be understood by a man himself before being comprehended by another party so that a man does not conform to societal needs and wishes and is able to think for himself with respect to society. 3. Medieval philosophy is highly related to religion and theology and several doctrines were laid down during this period by renowned scholars and philosophers like Avicenna and Averroes. They argued about the differences between faith and reason, one of the highly debated topics of this period. They spoke along the lines of ancient Greek philosophers however, they tried to defend arguments directly related to faith and reason and at the same time, during this very period, religion came up in such a strong manner that it did not allow a large number of philosophical investigations to go beyond the existence and very authority of God. Their views on the mind, self and society were also related to faith, reason and in some cases, religion. 4. Psychology is the study of human behaviour; it aims to understand the science of mankind and how a man responds to and undertakes certain actions during the course of his lifetime. The Scientific Revolution stemmed the need to study this very subject because it instilled in people the love for reason and that is why people began to question the science behind acts undertaken by man. The 17th century has been regarded by most people as the age of enlightenment and two prominent thinkers of the very period were Galileo Galilei and Rene Descartes. They both argued under the roots of science however Galilei’s arguments concerned the more scientific aspects of the world in the matters of physics and astronomy whereas Descartes was famous for his various discourses on methods and philosophy concerning the existence of the mind and society that a man lives in. 5. An outside reality refers to a world outside a person’s imagination; it helps a man to understand that every physical entity in the universe has its own existence, outside a man’s mind. In the 18th century, philosophers like Voltaire and Montesquieu contributed the works of their intellectual capacities to